RETTASI SERAT ALAM DARI DAUN TUMBUHAN SANSEVIERIA TRIFASCIATA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ENZIM
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Meningkatnya harga minyak dunia, berkurangnya cadangan minyak, dan permasalahan lingkungan memicu kembali pengeksplorasian serat alam serta penggunaan teknologi berkelanjutan dan terbarukan. Sansevieria trifasciata merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang cukup melimpah di Indonesia yang memiliki kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi. Belum ada penelitian yang melakukan proses retting serat Sansevieria trifasciata dengan bantuan enzim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi serat hasil retting menggunakan enzim xilanase. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan retting serat dari daun tumbuhan Sansevieria trifasciata dengan bantuan enzim xilanase. Selain itu dilakukan juga rettasi serat Sansevieria trifasciata dengan metoda water retting sebagai kontrol. Pengujian serat yang dihasilkan meliputi pengujian morfologi serat, panjang serat, kehalusan serat, kekuatan serat, moisture regain, dan pengujian dengan alat FTIR untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi yang terdapat pada serat Sansevieria trifasciata. Proses retting serat Sansevieria trifasciata dengan bantuan enzim membutuhkan waktu selama 14 hari sementara dengan metoda water retting membutuhkan waktu selama 17 hari. Serat yang dihasilkan sebesar 1,58% dari daun yang diproses. Penampang melintang serat berbentuk oval hampir bulat sementara penampang membujurnya berbentuk silinder. Rata-rata panjang serat 50,11 cm, kehalusan serat 4,78 tex, kekuatan serat 3,16 g/den, moisture content 9,73%. Hasil pengujian FTIR menunjukan adanya gugus yang berkaitan dengan Si–O pada daerah sekitar 1050 dan 600 cm-1, yang mengindikasikan keberadaan struktur silika dalam sampel, serta pita serapan sekitar 2350 cm-1 dapat dikaitkan dengan molekul CO2. Disimpulkan bahwa proses retting serat Sansevieria trifasciata dengan bantuan enzim lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan metoda water retting. Daun tumbuhan Sansevieria trifasciata berpotensi menjadi sumber alternatif serat alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku benang tekstil.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.53298/texere.v24i2.06
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| p‐ISSN | 1411-3090 |
| Penerbit | Politeknik STTT Bandung |
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